Antiaging

α - Ketoglutaric acid

I. Chemical Structure and Properties

1. Structural Characteristics   - It is an α - keto acid, and its chemical name is 2 - oxoglutaric acid. Its chemical formula is C5H6O5.

2. Physical Properties   - It is usually a white crystalline or crystalline powder. It is soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, and insoluble in ether. It has a certain acidity because the carboxyl group in its molecule can ionize hydrogen ions.

II. Role in Organisms

1. Role in the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA Cycle)   - In the aerobic metabolism process of cell respiration, α - ketoglutaric acid is a key intermediate product of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is generated by the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitric acid under the action of isocitrate dehydrogenase. Then, α - ketoglutaric acid continues to participate in subsequent reactions and undergoes oxidative decarboxylation reaction catalyzed by the α - ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex to generate succinyl - CoA. This process produces reduced coenzyme I (NADH) and carbon dioxide. NADH can enter the electron transport chain to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate).   - For example, in the mitochondria of the human body, the TCA cycle is constantly operating, and α - ketoglutaric acid is like a "transfer station", promoting the process of energy metabolism and providing energy for cells.

2. Amino Acid Metabolism   - α - ketoglutaric acid is also very important in the synthesis and catabolism of amino acids. It can be interconverted with some amino acids through transamination. For example, a reversible transamination reaction can be catalyzed by glutamate dehydrogenase between glutamate and α - ketoglutaric acid. In this reaction, glutamate loses an amino group and becomes α - ketoglutaric acid, and at the same time, α - ketoglutaric acid gains an amino group to generate glutamate, which plays a key role in maintaining the balance of amino acids in the body.

3. Association with Other Metabolic Pathways   - It is also related to some other metabolic pathways. For example, in the process of glutamine synthesis, α - ketoglutaric acid can participate as a raw material. In some tissues, glutamine synthetase uses glutamate and ammonium ions and consumes α - ketoglutaric acid to synthesize glutamine, which is of great significance for the transport and metabolism of ammonia.

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